Gum disease (periodontal disease) is one of the most common dental problems affecting adults in the UK. It ranges from mild gum inflammation (gingivitis) to serious infection that can damage the soft tissue and bone supporting your teeth.
What Causes Gum Disease?
Gum disease is caused by plaque — a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. If plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar (calculus) which can only be removed by a dental professional. The bacteria in plaque and tartar irritate your gums, causing inflammation and infection. Risk factors for gum disease include:- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking or chewing tobacco
- Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause)
- Diabetes
- Certain medications that reduce saliva flow
- Genetic susceptibility
- Stress
Signs and Symptoms
Gingivitis (Early Stage):- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Bad breath that does not go away
- Receding gums (teeth appear longer)
- Pockets forming between teeth and gums
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Changes in your bite
- Pus between teeth and gums
Treatment Options
Professional Hygiene Cleaning (Scale and Polish) — For mild gingivitis, a thorough cleaning removes plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line. From £115. Root Surface Debridement (Deep Cleaning) — For periodontitis, a deeper cleaning removes tartar from below the gum line and smooths the root surfaces to help gums reattach. May require local anaesthetic. Periodontal Maintenance — After treatment, regular 3-4 month maintenance appointments help prevent recurrence. Advanced Treatments — For severe cases, treatments may include antibiotic therapy, laser treatment, or surgical intervention.Preventing Gum Disease
The best treatment for gum disease is prevention:- Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
- Floss or use interdental brushes daily
- Use an antibacterial mouthwash
- Visit your dentist and hygienist every six months
- Quit smoking
- Maintain a healthy diet low in sugar
